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Ecotoxicological evaulation samples from burnt-out area
Pasírbková, Adéla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.
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Environmental Aspects of Pyrotechnic Mixtures.
Mešková, Michala ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The submitted bachelor thesis deals with the study of pyrotechnic compositions and their influence on the health and environment. It explains the nature and ingredients used in pyrotechnic compositions. During burning these compositions release different compounds, toxic or non-toxic into the atmosphere in large quantities. In this work the issue of toxicity of selected alkali, alkaline earth metals and the other harmful metals was explored. The pyrotechnic compositions containing Ba, As, Pb and Cd were investigated in more detail. When burning the pyrotechnic compositions release noxious substances into the air first. Then these substances reach due to wet or dry transport mechanism the other components of the environment and mix with them. These compounds have diverse negative effects both on humans and the environment and other animals.
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Utilisation of ozone for wastewater treatment
Hásová, Eva ; Dřímal,, Jiří (referee) ; Derco, Ján (advisor)
Diploma thesis will be dealt with the utilization of ozone wastewater treatment. Experimental part will be focused on study of ozone utilization in two different reactors (bubble column, jet loop reactor). Reactors will be compared by overall mass transfer coefficient and saturation concentration. Ozonization will be applied because of biological resistent and toxic compound 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disposal. Changes of biological decomposition will be measured and assessed by respirometric measurements.
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The utilization of quartz microbalance for detection of toxic compounds
Králová, Miroslava ; Jelínek, Ivan (advisor) ; Opekar, František (referee)
v angličtině: This work is aimed at the study of sensor response of quartz microbalance towards biologically active substances such as glycerin and toxic substances, namely ethylene glycol, methanol and acetonitrile in liquid phase. These toxic organic compounds are widely used in chemical industry as solvents or anti-freeze components. Glycerin is commonly utilized in cosmetic industry as a moisturizer. As human can easily get into contact with these compounds, they should be easily detectable. If tested senzor proves to be suitable for detecting these substances, it will be possible to follow preliminary results and develop the device for practical industrial usage.
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Stress responses in Rhodococcus strains
Křenková, Lucie ; Pátek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Throughout the evolution, bacteria developed ingenious mechanisms which help them survive and grow in harsh conditions, where extreme temperatures, pH, changing water and osmotic activity occurs. Rhodococcus sp. cope with these conditions so efficiently they are able to grow in the presence of toxic compounds. Large genome of Rhodococcus sp. consists of a great amount of genes involved in a broad spectre of catabolic pathways. To use these skills in biotechnology, it is necessary to know stress response mechanisms well. In response to the changing environment Rhodococcus sp. use transcriptional regulators, two-component system and RNA polymerase sigma factors to tune the expression profiles of the genes. The upregulation of chaperons, chaperonins and proteases is the main pattern followed in most of the stress responses. Vast majority of stress responses is complex and groups of genes to react on them interfere too. Thus, it is very difficult to interpret the data of these studies. However, the great importance of understanding these mechanisms is unquestionable. Key words: stress response, bacteria, Rhodococcus, biotechnology, degradation, toxic compounds, sigma factor
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The utilization of quartz microbalance for detection of toxic compounds
Králová, Miroslava ; Opekar, František (referee) ; Jelínek, Ivan (advisor)
v angličtině: This work is aimed at the study of sensor response of quartz microbalance towards biologically active substances such as glycerin and toxic substances, namely ethylene glycol, methanol and acetonitrile in liquid phase. These toxic organic compounds are widely used in chemical industry as solvents or anti-freeze components. Glycerin is commonly utilized in cosmetic industry as a moisturizer. As human can easily get into contact with these compounds, they should be easily detectable. If tested senzor proves to be suitable for detecting these substances, it will be possible to follow preliminary results and develop the device for practical industrial usage.
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Ecotoxicological evaulation samples from burnt-out area
Pasírbková, Adéla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.
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Utilisation of ozone for wastewater treatment
Hásová, Eva ; Dřímal,, Jiří (referee) ; Derco, Ján (advisor)
Diploma thesis will be dealt with the utilization of ozone wastewater treatment. Experimental part will be focused on study of ozone utilization in two different reactors (bubble column, jet loop reactor). Reactors will be compared by overall mass transfer coefficient and saturation concentration. Ozonization will be applied because of biological resistent and toxic compound 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disposal. Changes of biological decomposition will be measured and assessed by respirometric measurements.
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